Categories from Tiina Laitila: “Journalistic codes of ethics in Europe”, European Journal of Communication, Vol. 10(4), December 1995. Classification by Juha Karilainen in 2008.
List of categories is after the table, followed by tables of sub-categories under 6 functions.
X indicates that the category is included and – that it is not included in the code in question.
Code / Category | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | XII | XIII | Total |
1. Albania | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | 12 |
2. Armenia | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | 12 |
3. Austria | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | X | – | 7 |
4. Azerbaijan | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 |
5. Belarus | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 |
6. Belgium | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | 8 |
7. Bosnia- Herzegovina | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | 12 |
8. Bulgaria | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 12 |
9. Catalonia | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | 11 |
10. Croatia | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | 12 |
11. Cyprus | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | 12 |
12. Czech Republic | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 12 |
13. Denmark | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | X | – | X | – | – | 8 |
14. Estonia | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | 12 |
15. Finland | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | 11 |
16. France | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | 10 |
17. Georgia | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | 12 |
18. Germany | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | 12 |
19. Greece | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 12 |
20. Iceland | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 11 |
21. Ireland | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | 11 |
22. Italy | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 |
23. Hungary | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | 12 |
24. Kosovo | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | X | X | 11 |
25. Latvia | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | 11 |
26. Lithuania | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 |
27. Luxembourg | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 12 |
28. Macedonia | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 |
29. Malta | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | 9 |
30. Moldova | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 |
31. Montenegro | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | 12 |
32. Netherlands | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | X | X | 11 |
33. Norway | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 12 |
34. Poland SDP | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 |
35. Poland SDRP | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 |
36. Poland MEC | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | – | 9 |
37. Portugal | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | X | – | X | 10 |
38. Romania | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 |
39. Russia | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 12 |
40. Serbia | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 |
41. Slovakia | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 |
42. Slovenia | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | 11 |
43. Spain | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 12 |
44. Sweden | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | 11 |
45. Switzerland | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 |
46. Turkey | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | – | 10 |
47. Ukraine UEC | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | 11 |
48. Ukraine NUJU | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 12 |
49. UK NUJ | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | 10 |
50. UK PCC | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | X | – | 8 |
Total | 50 | 49 | 45 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 28 | 40 | 49 | 36 | 43 | 42 | 41 |
CONTENT CATEGORIES IDENTIFIED IN INDIVIDUAL CODES
13 main categories, with sub-categories, under 6 functions according to Laitila 1995
Function 1. Accountability to the PUBLIC
I. Truthfulness of information
A. Truthfulness, honesty, accuracy of information
B. Essentiality of information
C. Diversity and plurality of information
D. Objectivity of information
E. Checking facts and sources
F. Correction of errors
G. Duty to publish press council’s statements
II. Clarity of information
A. Separation of facts and opinions
B. Separation of advertisements and editorial material
C. Prohibition of selection and misrepresentation
D. Coverage of the headlines in the text
E. Mentioning the source of information
III. Defense of public’s rights
A. Duty to serve as watchdog of powers
B. Freedom of expression, speech, comment, criticism
C. Public’s right to express opinions
D. Respect for human rights and dignity
IV. Responsibilities in forming public opinion
A. Responsibility for everything reported
B. Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, etc.
C. Respect for good taste in expressions
D. Respect for common values
E. Prohibition of praising/inciting crimes and violence
F. Respect for other states and nations
G. Prohibition of praising alcohol or drug abuse
Function 2. Accountability to the SOURCES and REFERENTS
V. Gathering and presenting information
A. Fair means in gathering information
B. Respect for copyright and laws of citation
C. Respect for embargo
D. Right of the source to check correctness of information
E. Prohibition of slander, libel, unfounded accusations
F. Right to reply
VI. Integrity of the source
A. Respect for privacy
B. Professional secrecy
C. Special consideration in reporting crimes, accidents, etc.
D. Special consideration in interviewing children, mentally disabled, etc.
E. Presumption of innocence
Function 3. Accountability to the STATE
VII. Respect for the state institutions
A. Duty to observe laws
B. Protection of state interests
Function 4. Accountability to the EMPLOYER
VIII. Loyalty to the employer
A. Prohibition to misuse journalistic position in order to get personal benefits
B. Duty to work for good name of the profession
C. Respect for workplace rules
D. Prohibition to offer one’s work to several publishers
Function 5. Protection of the PROFESSIONAL INTEGRITY
IX. General rights and prohibitions
A. Prohibition to accept bribes or any other benefits
B. Prohibition to allow outsiders to have influence on journalistic work
C. Right to free investigation
D. Right to free criticism
E. Freedom of the press
X. Protection from public powers
A. Fight against censorship
B. Rejection of the interference by public authorities
C. Professional secrecy
XI. Protection from employers and advertisers
A. Conscience clause
B. Right to refuse assignments contradictory to codes of ethics
C. Right to refuse assignments contradictory to editorial policy
D. Journalists’ author’s rights
E. Right to proper payment and/or working conditions
F. Right to take part in decision-making of the workplace
G. Duty to fight against concentration
H. Separation of advertisements and editorial material
Function 6. Protection of the STATUS and UNITY of the PROFESSION
XII. Protection of the status of journalism
A. Duty to work for the good name of the profession
B. Duty to follow code of ethics
C. Stress on special status of the profession
D. Avoidance of an interest conflict; incompatibility of journalism and other activities
XIII. Protection of the solidarity within profession
A. Respect for copyright and laws of citation
B. Defense of professional solidarity and laws of fair competition
C. Respect for professional organization
SUB-CATEGORIES UNDER 6 FUNCTIONS AND 13 MAIN CATEGORIES
1. Accountability to the PUBLIC
Code/Category | I A |
B | C | D | E | F | G | II A |
B | C | D | E | III A |
C | D | IV A |
B | C | D | E | F | G | Total | |
Albania | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | – | 16 |
Armenia | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | X | X | X | – | 13 |
Austria | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | 6 |
Azerbaijan | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | 13 |
Belarus | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | 16 |
Belgium | – | – | X | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | 9 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | X | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | 19 |
Bulgaria | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | X | – | – | 14 |
Catalonia | – | – | X | – | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | 10 |
Croatia | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | 15 |
Cyprus | X | – | – | X | – | X | – | X | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | 10 |
Czech Republic | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | 10 |
Denmark | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | X | X | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | 9 |
Estonia | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | 12 |
Finland | X | – | – | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | 11 |
France | X | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | 6 |
Georgia | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | 12 |
Germany | X | – | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | 17 |
Greece | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | 12 |
Hungary | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | X | – | – | 14 |
Iceland | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 |
Ireland | X | – | – | – | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | 6 |
Italy | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | 13 |
Kosovo | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | 11 | |
Latvia | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | 17 |
Lithuania | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | – | X | – | X | – | X | X | X | X | 18 | |
Luxembourg | X | – | – | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | 11 |
Macedonia | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | – | 16 |
Malta | X | – | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 |
Moldova | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | 10 |
Montenegro | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | X | – | 16 |
Netherlands | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | 12 |
Norway | – | X | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | 13 |
Poland MEC | X | – | X | X | – | X | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 |
Poland SDP | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | X | – | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | 15 |
Poland SDRP | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | 14 |
Portugal | X | X | X | – | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | 9 |
Romania | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | 12 |
Russia | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | 9 |
Serbia | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | – | X | – | – | 14 |
Slovakia | X | – | X | X | – | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | 15 | |
Slovenia | X | – | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | X | – | 13 |
Spain | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | 14 | |
Sweden | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | 15 |
Switzerland | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | 8 |
Turkey | X | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | 9 |
Ukraine UEC | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | 10 |
Ukraine NUJU | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | 13 |
United Kingdom NUJ | X | – | – | – | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | 6 |
United Kingdom PCC | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | 9 |
Total | 45 | 10 | 23 | 33 | 39 | 47 | 16 | 39 | 32 | 40 | 12 | 13 | 29 | 37 | 5 | 25 | 23 | 47 | 20 | 22 | 20 | 9 | 3 |
2. Accountability to the SOURCES and REFERENTS
Code/Category | V A |
B | C | D | E | F | VI A |
B | C | D | E | Total |
Albania | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 |
Armenia | X | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | 5 |
Austria | X | – | – | – | X | – | X | – | X | – | – | 4 |
Azerbaijan | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | 7 |
Belarus | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | 7 |
Belgium | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | 3 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 |
Bulgaria | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 |
Catalonia | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | – | 5 |
Croatia | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | – | 7 |
Cyprus | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 |
Czech Republic | X | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | 7 |
Denmark | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | 6 |
Estonia | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 |
Finland | X | X | – | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 9 |
France | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | X | 5 |
Georgia | X | X | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 9 |
Germany | X | X | – | X | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | 8 |
Greece | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | 6 |
Hungary | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | 10 |
Iceland | – | – | – | – | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | 4 |
Ireland | X | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | 5 |
Italy | X | X | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | 8 |
Kosovo | – | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | X | 5 |
Latvia | X | X | – | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | 7 |
Lithuania | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
Luxembourg | X | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | X | X | 6 |
Macedonia | – | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 |
Malta | X | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | 8 |
Moldova | X | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | 7 |
Montenegro | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
Netherlands | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | 7 |
Norway | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 |
Poland MEC | – | – | – | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | 2 |
Poland SDP | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | 6 |
Poland SDRP | – | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | X | 4 |
Portugal | X | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | 7 |
Romania | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 |
Russia | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | X | 5 |
Serbia | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | – | – | 5 |
Slovakia | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | 8 |
Slovenia | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | 7 |
Spain | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | 7 |
Sweden | X | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | X | – | X | 7 |
Switzerland | X | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | 6 |
Turkey | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | – | X | 8 |
Ukraine UEC | X | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | 5 |
Ukraine NUJU | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | – | X | – | 4 |
United Kingdom NUJ | X | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | 5 |
United Kingdom PCC | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | 6 |
Total | 44 | 39 | 5 | 9 | 21 | 27 | 46 | 45 | 37 | 30 | 27 |
3. Accountability to the STATE
Code/Category | VII A |
B | Total |
Albania | X | – | 1 |
Armenia | – | – | – |
Austria | – | – | – |
Azerbaijan | – | – | – |
Belarus | X | – | 1 |
Belgium | – | – | – |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | X | – | 1 |
Bulgaria | – | – | – |
Catalonia | X | – | 1 |
Croatia | X | X | 2 |
Cyprus | – | X | 1 |
Czech Republic | – | – | – |
Denmark | – | – | – |
Estonia | X | – | 1 |
Finland | X | – | 1 |
France | – | – | – |
Georgia | – | – | – |
Germany | X | – | 1 |
Greece | – | – | – |
Hungary | X | – | 1 |
Iceland | – | – | – |
Ireland | – | – | – |
Italy | X | – | 1 |
Kosovo | – | – | – |
Latvia | – | X | 1 |
Lithuania | X | – | 1 |
Luxembourg | – | – | – |
Macedonia | X | – | 1 |
Malta | – | – | – |
Moldova | X | – | 1 |
Montenegro | – | – | – |
Netherlands | X | – | 1 |
Norway | – | – | – |
Poland MEC | – | – | – |
Poland SDP | X | – | 1 |
Poland SDRP | – | – | – |
Portugal | – | – | – |
Romania | – | – | – |
Russia | X | – | 1 |
Serbia | – | – | – |
Slovakia | X | – | 1 |
Slovenia | – | – | – |
Spain | – | – | – |
Sweden | – | – | – |
Switzerland | X | – | 1 |
Turkey | – | – | – |
Ukraine UEC | X | – | 1 |
Ukraine NUJU | – | – | – |
United Kingdom NUJ | – | – | – |
United Kingdom PCC | – | – | – |
Total | 19 | 3 |
4. Accountability to the EMPLOYER
Code/Category | VIII A |
B | C | D | Total |
Albania | X | – | X | X | 3 |
Armenia | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Austria | – | – | – | – | – |
Azerbaijan | X | – | – | X | 2 |
Belarus | X | X | – | X | 3 |
Belgium | – | – | – | – | – |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | – | X | – | – | 1 |
Bulgaria | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Catalonia | X | X | – | – | 2 |
Croatia | X | X | – | – | 2 |
Cyprus | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Czech Republic | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Denmark | – | – | – | – | – |
Estonia | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Finland | X | – | – | – | 1 |
France | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Georgia | – | – | – | – | – |
Germany | X | X | – | – | 2 |
Greece | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Hungary | X | – | – | X | 2 |
Iceland | – | X | – | – | 1 |
Ireland | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Italy | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Kosovo | – | – | – | – | – |
Latvia | – | – | – | – | – |
Lithuania | X | – | X | X | 3 |
Luxembourg | X | X | – | – | 2 |
Macedonia | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Malta | – | – | – | – | – |
Moldova | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Montenegro | – | – | – | – | – |
Netherlands | X | X | – | – | 2 |
Norway | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Poland MEC | – | – | – | – | – |
Poland SDP | X | – | X | – | 2 |
Poland SDRP | X | X | – | – | 2 |
Portugal | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Romania | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Russia | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Serbia | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Slovakia | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Slovenia | X | – | – | X | 2 |
Spain | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Sweden | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Switzerland | – | X | – | – | 1 |
Turkey | – | X | – | – | 1 |
Ukraine UEC | – | – | – | – | – |
Ukraine NUJU | X | X | X | – | 3 |
United Kingdom NUJ | X | – | – | – | 1 |
United Kingdom PCC | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Total | 36 | 12 | 4 | 6 |
5. Protection of the PROFESSIONAL INTEGRITY
Code/Category | IX A |
B | C | D | E | X A |
B | C | XI A |
B | C | D | E | F | G | H | Total |
Albania | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 |
Armenia | X | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 |
Austria | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 |
Azerbaijan | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | 4 |
Belarus | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | 8 |
Belgium | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | 6 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | X | – | – | X | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 |
Bulgaria | X | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | 7 |
Catalonia | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | 8 |
Croatia | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | X | 7 |
Cyprus | X | – | X | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 |
Czech Republic | X | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | X | 7 |
Denmark | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | 6 |
Estonia | X | – | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | 7 |
Finland | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | X | 6 |
France | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 |
Georgia | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | X | 8 |
Germany | X | X | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | 5 |
Greece | X | X | – | – | X | – | X | – | – | X | X | – | X | – | X | – | 8 |
Hungary | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | X | 8 |
Iceland | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | 5 |
Ireland | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | 4 |
Italy | X | X | X | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | 8 |
Kosovo | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | – | 3 |
Latvia | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | 5 |
Lithuania | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | – | X | – | – | X | 8 |
Luxembourg | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | 11 |
Macedonia | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | 8 |
Malta | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | 4 |
Moldova | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | 7 |
Montenegro | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | X | 8 |
Netherlands | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 |
Norway | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | 8 |
Poland MEC | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 |
Poland SDP | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | 5 |
Poland SDRP | X | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | X | 6 |
Portugal | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 |
Romania | X | – | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | X | 8 |
Russia | X | X | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | 6 |
Serbia | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | 10 |
Slovakia | X | X | X | X | – | – | X | – | X | – | – | – | X | X | – | X | 9 |
Slovenia | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | X | 7 |
Spain | X | X | X | X | – | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | 12 |
Sweden | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | 5 |
Switzerland | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | X | 14 |
Turkey | – | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | 2 |
Ukraine UEC | X | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | 5 |
Ukraine NUJU | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | 5 |
United Kingdom NUJ | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | 4 |
United Kingdom PCC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Total | 43 | 36 | 20 | 18 | 19 | 23 | 18 | 21 | 20 | 18 | 13 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 33 |
6. Protection of the STATUS and UNITY of the PROFESSION
Code/Category | XII A |
B | C | D | XIII A |
B | C | Total |
Albania | – | X | – | – | X | X | – | 3 |
Armenia | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | 3 |
Austria | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | 2 |
Azerbaijan | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | 2 |
Belarus | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | 5 |
Belgium | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | 3 |
Bulgaria | – | X | – | X | X | X | – | 4 |
Catalonia | X | X | – | X | – | – | – | 3 |
Croatia | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | 5 |
Cyprus | X | X | – | – | X | – | – | 3 |
Czech Republic | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | 5 |
Denmark | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Estonia | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | 1 |
Finland | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | 1 |
France | – | – | X | X | X | X | – | 4 |
Georgia | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | 3 |
Germany | X | – | – | X | – | – | – | 2 |
Greece | X | – | X | – | X | X | X | 5 |
Hungary | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | 6 |
Iceland | X | – | X | X | – | X | X | 5 |
Ireland | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | 1 |
Italy | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | 2 |
Kosovo | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | 3 |
Latvia | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | 1 |
Lithuania | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | 6 |
Luxembourg | X | – | – | – | X | – | – | 2 |
Macedonia | X | X | X | – | X | X | – | 5 |
Malta | – | X | – | – | X | – | – | 2 |
Moldova | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | 5 |
Montenegro | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | 5 |
Netherlands | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | 2 |
Norway | – | X | X | X | X | – | – | 4 |
Poland MEC | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
Poland SDP | – | X | – | X | – | X | – | 3 |
Poland SDRP | X | – | – | – | X | X | – | 3 |
Portugal | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | 1 |
Romania | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | 3 |
Russia | – | X | – | X | – | X | – | 3 |
Serbia | X | X | – | X | X | X | – | 5 |
Slovakia | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | 3 |
Slovenia | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | 3 |
Spain | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | 3 |
Sweden | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | 3 |
Switzerland | X | X | X | – | X | – | X | 5 |
Turkey | X | – | X | – | – | – | – | 2 |
Ukraine UEC | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | 1 |
Ukraine NUJU | X | – | – | – | X | X | – | 3 |
United Kingdom NUJ | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | 1 |
United Kingdom PCC | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
Total | 19 | 23 | 16 | 29 | 38 | 19 | 3 |